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Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Continent: EUROPE | 
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Amsterdam is the largest city of the Netherlands and the second largest port.
It lies by a bay, the Ij, the southwestern-most portion of the former Zuider Zee. It was established on a foundation of wooden piles in unstable mud, and is criss-crossed by many canals bordered by narrow streets. A city of over 400 bridges, and known as the Venice of the North, it is a commercial centre with world-wide connections and is renowned for its financial and historical connections, and its manufacture of tropical imports and diamonds.
It is connected to the North Sea by a large canal, finished in 1876, and in the future, with the completion of the Ijsselmeer scheme, it will form the node of Randstadt Holland. It is also connected to the intensive traffic on the Rhine. The city also has oil refineries, shipbuilding, and other metal industries.
The town is an important cultural centre, with two universities, an Art Academy, and many libraries and museums, including one for the paintings of Rembrandt. The city was founded as a Norman fort and joined the Hanseatic League in 1370, but it really flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries with the East Indian trade.
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